Monday, May 10, 2010

Art & the Quotidian Object



Doris Salcedo



Katharina Fritsch



Tom Friedman



Tony Cragg


What power lies in the functionality of objects?

Why the current trend (last 20 years) on the everyday?

Is this a result of a disconnect with physical objects?

What are the effects of multiplying objects? What are the pros and cons of this tactic?

How do we re-evalute the everyday object in an art setting?

Saturday, May 8, 2010

Art & Today Evaluations

Art & The Body and Art & Globalism

For both presentations, I think we got carried away in our research and the amount of information we wanted to put on the table before going into discussion. I think this is partly due to the format of the book. In each chapter, despite being broken down into a more specific category, a large range of art is covered. We both felt the need to address most of the themes brought up in the book, but I am not sure if this was necessary. We realized this after our first presentation, and tried to limit information in the second, but I think we could've trimmed the info even further. I did hear from multiple classmates how interesting both presentations were, so the feedback was positive. During our second presentation on Globalism, the presentation of a Second Life gallery was very effective at spurring a discussion about technology and art. Overall, I believe we did a good job at addressing the topics we chose from Art & Today. Our only fault was doing a bit too much research, and trying to share it all when we had a limited amount of time.

Monday, May 3, 2010

Art & Globalism/Spirituality

Art & Globalism:

What is the difference between globalism & globalization?

When is globalism the subject of a work of art and when is it a byproduct of the artist?

When did people begin to feel differently about travel? Is it okay to feel cheated if you are unable to travel?

What are the environmental implications of globalization?

Art & Spirituality:

Considering the history of art (made for wealthy patrons or for religious purposes) do specific mediums of art have greater power in conveying issues of spirituality?

What fits into the definition "spirituality"?












Alison Saar
Lunaseas: Sea of Nectar



Ana Mendieta
Tree of Life




Alfredo Jaar
Emergencia




Ai Wei Wei
Han Dynasty Urn with Coca-Cola Label




O Zhang
Daddy & I, no 18

Wednesday, April 28, 2010

art & Body/ art & Identity

This weeks chapters were very related. When reading the chapter about the body I found myself thinking about how much was missing. I included images below that are objects that are realized by being placed on the body.



For the chapter on art and the body, I spent a lot of time thinking about nudity and nakedness. What is the difference between the two? Is their a benefit in creating a distinction? If there is a difference, is it still relevant today? I think these defining characteristics will also change based on the medium that is being used. Photography inevitably exposes more truth when creating an image of the body than painting does.



I also felt unresolved regarding power relationships and nudity. While feminists in the 60s and 70s had clear logic for using their bodies to regain control, I am curious how power shifts when the body is used now. No matter the level of confidence someone has, being naked is an inevitably associated with being vulnerable. You have lost a protective barrier between yourself and the world. I am not sure who has the "upper hand" in these scenarios, or if it is this tension that makes nudity such a powerful tool.













Rebecca Horn, Finger Gloves






Jennifer Crupi, Guarded Gesture






Janine Antoni, Umbilical





Erica Duffy Voss, Untitled (Selenoid piece)





Chris Ofili



Monday, April 19, 2010

Criteria for a (critical/informative/engaging/responsible) Review

Responsible/Informative:

-Location/Opening information

-Length/Duration of exhibition

-Curators/Curatorial concept

Engaging/Critical:

-Describe the layout of the exhibition- create an image for the reader

-Describe specific pieces that were successful, both inside/outside the context of show

-Describe specific pieces that were unsuccessful, both inside/outside the context of the show

-Elaborate on the cohesiveness of the show

-Find themes throughout the show

-Describe how this exhibition relates to others of a similar vein, or others that are typical of the location.

-Be opinionated, but with justification.

Art & Nature and Technology/ Art & Deformation

Art & Nature and Technology

As somewhat of an environmentalist, I was moved by the examples of EcoArt listed in Art & Today. I admire their efforts to call attention to the destruction of nature that some technology/mass production has created. I still left this reading with a question I am sure many do... is this art? Is activism alone art? I suppose many would believe if the artist says it art, it's art, but I think it is still a valid question to discuss. What makes something a piece art- aesthetic choices? Medium? Location? Intent? While there is something beautiful about Mel Chin's gated gardens that suck up toxins, I don't know if it's the same type of beauty we refer to when we discuss visual arts. Even more extreme of an example would be Newton & Helen Mayer Harrison, who clean up bodies of water. They see the act of creating an initiative their art- not focusing on whether or not anything is accomplished. I was also surprised that their were no artists mentioned on the opposite extreme, more in the realm of the Futurists. While there are several who utilize new technologies, I didn't get the impression that their statement was, "the technology is here, we should use it as much as possible."


Art & Deformation

This chapter was very informative for me- as they discussed in the book, most people feel an impulse to look at the awful. This curiosity in the deformed is not ingrained in me the way it is for some. There is nothing interesting to me about witnessing violence, or the results of violence, or things that are ultimately made to disgust. I can't stand to watch horror/suspense movies, or even the same acts in video game format. It will disturb me for great lengths of time. So when Is see works of art like that of Mike Kelley and Paul McCarthy or Jake and Dinos Chapman, I have a difficult time assessing in the way I would other works of art- though I am not questioning their status as art. The question that comes to me whenever I view anything that extremely graphic, or pushing the boundaries of what is acceptable as art, is what the artist's justification is. Working with this type of subject matter should be treated delicately, and at this point in history, the world doesn't need to be shocked if that is the only goal.

I was confused about the inclusion of John Currin's painting Homemade Pasta in the context of the rest of the chapter. The heads of the two males are enlarged, which is stretched into the category of deformity. I suppose it is technically a deformation, but I consider it more a painting style of a strategic use of scale. The book's explanation: "the figures' oversized heads and slightly exaggerated features give them a child-like gentleness that seems dilberately at odds with heartland fears of homosexuality and gay marriage." While I understand this, I believe Currin's other work would more appropriately fit with any of the themes; grotesque, carnivalesque, abjection, informe.








John Currin



Joel Peter Witkin



Diane Arbus



Natalie Jeremijenko



Mel Chin

Monday, April 12, 2010

Art & Representation

In reference to The Guardian article, feat. David Hockney:

I think we all know that photography cannot go back to what it was. There is a generation within our midst that will not know what film cameras are, or how they operate. But I agree with Russell Roberts from the National Museum of Photography when he calls this argument simplistic. While the notion may have existed that photography exhibited reality, people have been manipulating images for a long time. For instance, take this photo by Man Ray from 1922, La Marquise Casati:



Man Ray

One could also argue that we are now more able than ever to represent truth. Although the possibilty of post production editing is always looming, technology is rapidly improving and cameras are much better equipt to replicate the real.

Also the notion that David Hockney would complain about photographic manipulation is somewhat laughable. Is is the involvement of the computer that has crossed the line for him? Or the possibility that someone could easily manufacture work resembling his own?



David Hockney, Merced River, Yosemite Valley, 1982





James Casebere

The Thing About Narrative...

The use of narrative has varied in intensity over history. While almost obsolete during Formalism's reign, it has returned with an avengence that at times feels very elusive. Tell the story- but don't give it away. Leave the story open for multiple interpretations. There is an overwhelming sense of mystery and ambiguity. Why is this? What has caused this lack of commitment?

I have been thinking about the use of ambiguity as a tactic, and I'm not sure if it creates general interest, or if it is a cheap trick. I am sure there is a continuum along which the percentage of these two qualities fluxuates, depending on the artist.

I appreciate the work of Kara Walker because she uses imagery with many prior associations, but the majority of associations are congruent with her concept. But her work is not obvious. It is open to interpretation, but these fluxuations make sense with her own inner struggles; does she want to be belle or kill her?

I am less keen on the artists who tape the same scene over and over from slightly different angles, or changing the voice overs. This seems more like a "Where's Waldo?" book.



Kara Walker




Eleanor Antin

Friday, April 2, 2010

Sunday, March 21, 2010

Radicant Artists 3



Heri Dono



Subodh Gupta




Pascale Marthine Tayou




Navin Rawanchaikul

The Radicant- p141-175

On page 152, Bourriaud touches on the specificity of labor/abilities and how this has created a panic in us, as we approach incompetence.

Together we may be "achieving" but alone, are we becoming powerless? The point I found interesting from this paragraph was the fact that he acknowledged personal and psychological detriment caused by the inability to make, or to complete a task. The lack of control can be unnerving, and is cited in many mental illnesses, like eating disorders.

Throughout this text, and many, many others, Duchamp is cited as an influence to many artists and and art movements. I was aware of his pieces before this class, and of their intention, but I did not know that his ideas were viewed as being so pivotal that his name cannot not be mentioned. It made me wonder if any artist will be able to have this big of an impact on the definition of art again, or are we accustomed now to question all conventions to a point where nothing is truly revolutionary?

On page 158, Bourriaud states, "Artists who are working today with an intuitive idea of culture as toolbox know that art has neither an origin nor a metaphysical destination, and that the work they exhibit is never a creation but an instance of postproduction."

Now, I understand the point that he is trying to make, but it seems a bit extreme to me. The way he puts it, it seems like he is unwilling to give the artist credit for any original thought. He is specifically referring to artists who work with culture as their source, but it still seems overly simplistic to me.

On page 160, Bourriaud discusses an emerging principle/method is recent artists: the capacity to navigate information is in the process of becoming the dominant faculty for the intellectual of the artist. I found this point very interesting- the difference between comprehension of the vast information we have access to and the ability to organize and assimilate it. This is a new type of knowledge.

I was not sure what Bourriaud's stance was on the object at the end of this book. Throughout the book he champions the temporal, and in the last section he talks about the defetishization of art. But he also says that, "The intentionally transitory character of the artwork is not asserted by its form, which may be durable and solid, and forty years after Conceptual art is is no longer a matter of asserting the immateriality of the work or art." Does this mean that a work can be a physical object, as long as that is not the focus?

Monday, March 1, 2010

Radicant Artists 2



Robert Rauschenberg




Seth Price




jason rhodes



michel majerus

The Radicant- p79-140

On page 83, Bourraiud quotes the writer Hannah Arendt, "Culture is being threatened when all worldly objects and things, produced by the present or the past, are treated as mere functions for the life process of society, as though they are there only to fulfill some need." He then states, "...art must absolutely resist the process of consumption: 'An object is cultural to the extent that it can endure; its durability is the very opposite of functionality.'"

While I believe I understand the point that is trying to be made here, the craftsperson inside of me is yelling- hey! you forgot about us! somethings can be functional, durable, and, yes, art!


On page 120, Bourriaud drops is 126th new vocabulary word, geocustomizing. At this point I began to wonder if it is necessary for him to create all of these terms. Can he really not express himself in the language that exists? Are his discoveries so profound that they deserve to be added to Webster's? Or is this little habit of his simply there to inform us that he has a bit of an ego?


On page 130, Bourraiud states, "This formal mode reflects our civilization of overproduction, in which the degree of spatial (and imaginary) clutter is such that the slightest gap in its chain produces a visual effect..." I thought that this was a very interesting point. While we are inundated with audio and visual stimuli, sometimes the strangest, most noticeable thing is silence. It is not a unique idea- someone going to the country and being astonished by the uninhabited sky. I had not, however, thought of it as a method to use in creating visual art.


On page 131, Bourraiud is discussing the guerrilla warfare tactics induced by translation that he thinks is necessary for successful art, and states, " In the cultural field, such warfare is defined by the passage of signs through heterogeneous territories, and by the refusal to allow artistic practice to be assigned to a specific, identifiable, and definitive field." I wonder if the identification is the problem, or that he deems easily identifiable work as unworthy of art status. Is it actually less effective, or does appealing to a larger audience make it less effective?

On page 138, Bourriaud basically says that perhaps a good way to judge art is by how impossible it is to judge, "And what if true art were defined precisely by its capacity to evade the implicit determinisms of the medium it employs? In other words, today one must struggle, not- as Greenberg did- for the preservation of an avant-garde that is self-sufficient and focused on the specificities of its means, but rather for the indeterminacy of art's source code, its dispersion and dissemination, so that it remains impossible to pin down..." I am starting to get the feeling that despite Bourriaud's talk of equality through translation, he is really interested in creating an art movement that is secretly founded on elitist principles. I think he is trying to say that the more confusing/curious something is, the more effective it is as art. Is this the only way that we can engage viewers- confusion?

Monday, February 22, 2010

What does postproduction mean for my art?

Towards the beginning of Bourriaud's book, Postproduction, he outlines different types of postproduction:

Reprogramming existing works
Inhabiting historicized styles & forms
making use of images
using society as a catalog of forms
investing in fashion & media.

My work fits into a number of these categories, but I doubt that Bourriaud would categorize my work as falling under the realm of postproduction. I use computer aided design software (CAD), I reference historical jewelry forms, I use iconic imagery, and I also keep the fashion industry in mind (as it may be a source for future employment.) With all of this in mind, I also think my creations are pretty original- or at least I hope so.

The reason I don't think Bourriaud would consider my work "postproduction" is because he specifically states that the entire idea behind postproduction is conceptual art- a shift away from skill/craft towards ideas. I think there is a bias that if a work is made skillfully, then it is not focused on any ideas. The use of craft in my work is a way to reference my field's history, and an essential to successful functioning.

Radicant Artists



Carsten Holler



Mike Kelley




Sarah Morris



Kazimir Malevich

Sunday, February 21, 2010

The Radicant- p11-77

In the introduction, Bourriaud says, "For thirty years, the global cultural landscape has been shaped, on the one hand, by the pressure of the overproduction of objects and information, and, on the other, by the rampant standardization of cultures and languages." He goes on throughout the rest of the book to explain why, of course, this is not good. I am often overwhelmed at the lack of foresight created by greed. The homogenization of culture, product, and produce is often marketed as equality, but ends in the potato famine. Do people really not remember why the potato famine happened? Or do corporations pay so much to lobbyists that it is accidentally forgotten? I realize this is more a rant than a comment, but diversity is essential in a sustainable environment- whether it be cultural or botanical.

On page 27, Bourriaud says that, "the dissolution of postmodernism entails first of all inventing a theoretical tool with which to combat everything in postmodern thought that in practice supports the trend toward standardization inherent in globalization... It is a matter of opening up an aesthetic and intellectual region in which contemporary works might be judged according to the same criteria..." That is a lovely notion, but is it at all feasible? Perhaps he will answer this question at the end of the book. I am curious whether his suggestions on how to achieve this will be open ended, theoretical musings, or whether he plans to create a rubric on which to judge/evaluate artworks.


The term "aesthetic courtesy" refers to the unwillingness to pass judgement, as to avoid upsetting others. Bourriaud suggest that this only perpetuates the separation of non-Western artists, that we are treating them as guests rather than equals. This "quandary" made me think about Affirmative Action, and I wondered where he would stand on the matter. Are the two types of discrimination (as an artist, as a human being) really all that different?

I am unsure if I am understanding Bourraiud's views on the documentary correctly. On page 31 he says, "the increasing artistic legitimacy of the documentary genre indicate above all that this type of object is no longer commercially viable outside the art circuit, and also that the simple need for news of the world is today more often satisfied in art galleries than in movie theatres." Perhaps this is a cultural difference? I disagree that documentaries belong only in galleries, and that they aren't commercially viable (michael moore.)

Bourriaud seems to be championing things that can't be categorized. On page 54 he states, "Nothing could be more alien to it than a mode of thought based on disciplines, on the specificity of a medium- a sedentary notion if ever there was one, and one that amounts to cultivating one's field." I think making this generalization is very dismissive of the history of art. Just as people shouldn't be forced to work with certain materials, they also shouldn't be forced to not work with certain materials, or to work with multiple mediums just to be considered valid.

Monday, February 15, 2010

Postproduction Thoughts/Questions

In Bourriaud's introduction to Postproduction (p 17), he states, "The artistic question is no longer: 'what can we make that is new?' but 'how can we make do with what we have?'" This made me think about the artist striving for originality. Many times, most noticably in my own field of metalsmithing, artists can be praised for groundbreaking work that is not that groundbreaking. Basically, they are utilizing a new technological process, or a new industrial material in their work. The idea behind their work is not usually very coherent, but the application of a new medium is "revolutionary." This seems to me like an example of desperate artists, grasping for a unique idea in a world where it seems like everything already exists.


On page 25, Bourriaud talks a little bit about the history of appropriation. He brings up Duchamp's readymade, and the emphasis on the "artist's gaze" rather than manual skill as the artistic process. He says that Duchamp, "asserts that the act of choosing is enough to establish the artistic process, just as the act of fabricating, painting, or sculpting does: to give a new idea to an object is already production." As someone working in the craft field, this made me think about the devaluing of skill. While Duchamp was making a point about the definition of art, today it seems that concept is often the only thing of importance. People seem to forget that how they assemble their expression makes an impact on how it is interpreted.

On page 32, Bourriaud states that, "Art tends to give shape and weight to the most invisible processes. When entire sections of our existence spiral into abstraction as a result of economic globalization...artists might seek to rematerialize these functions and processes, to give shape to what is disappearing before our eyes." This page was very interesting to me, and I re-read it several times. After that sentence, he says that this process can not be done in the form of objects, but by making experience. I am not exactly sure what why he makes this distinction, and if he thinks it is only possible to achieve this goal through experience, not tangible objects.

My next question might seem somewhat trite, but with the movie we watched and reading this book, I definitely thought a lot about copyright laws. I have always accepted copyright laws in the arts as what they are, and it made me think about the fate of the visual arts in particular if there was an age without these laws.

At the very end of Postproduction, Bourriaud talks about the responsibility of the artist. I think this point is very important- to understand the imagery/materials you use and their implications. These implications might be environmental, historical, political, etc. He also begins to skim the surface of semiotics, which I think is important to note in our icon based/symbolic society.

Postproduction Artists



Rirkrit Tiravanija



Maurizio Cattelan




Pierre Hughye



Liam Gillick